自考英语二课程
被动语态概述
被动语态是动词的一种形式。 用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语形式是被动语态。
被动语态基本结构：
be动词 + 过去分词
(时态通过be表现出来, 时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变)
一、被动语态——一般现在时
结构：主语+ am / is /are + 过去分词
They play football on Sunday.
Football is played by them on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.
They often use computers in class.
Computers are often used by them in class.
二、被动语态——一般过去时
结构：主语+ was / were + 过去分词
They built the tall building(建筑物) last year.
The tall building was built by them last year.
He took good care of(照顾) his little brother yesterday.
His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.
They planted(种植) many trees years ago.
Many trees were planted by them years ago.
三、被动语态——一般将来时
结构：主语+ will + be + 过去分词
We will hold a sports meeting(运动会) next week.
A sports meeting will be held by us next week.
Children will take some photos on the playground tomorrow.
Some photos will be taken by children on the playground tomorrow.
The headmaster(校长) will give a talk this afternoon.
A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.
四、被动语态——现在完成时
结构：主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词
We have made twenty cakes this afternoon.
Twenty cakes have been made by us this afternoon.
By the end of this week, she has completed(完成) the last task(任务).
By the end of this week, the last task has been completed by her.
I have made a promise(承诺) to my friend.
A promise has been made by me to my friend.
五、被动语态——情态动词
结构：主语 + can/may/must/should + be + 过去分词
He can take care of the baby.
The baby can be taken care of by him.
Lucy may sell the pictures.
The pictures may be sold by Lucy.
They should learn Math well.
Math should be learned well by them.
被动语态结构——小结
一般现在时：主语+ am / is /are + 过去分词
一般过去时：主语+ was / were + 过去分词
一般将来时：主语+ will + be + 过去分词
现在完成时：主语+ have/has + been + 过去分词
情态动词：主语+ can/may/must/should + be + 过去分词
主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况
使役动词和感官动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式；
但如果改成被动语态，则需把省略的to加上。
常见此类词汇有：hear, see, watch, make, help, let 等。
I heard him sing last night.
He was heard to sing last night.
We saw him walk into the building.
He was seen to walk into the building.
