自考英语二课程
01 句子成分概述
句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。
英语中，句子成分包括8种：
最常见的英语6种句法成分：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、(宾语)补足语(主谓宾定状补)
表语、同位语。02 主语
1. 名词、代词作主语
The pianist (钢琴家) played a very beautiful song.
They forget to bring the homework.
2. 动名词、动词不定式作主语
Seeing is believing.（眼见为实）
Running is good for your health.
To see is to believe.（同上）
To keep a hobby(爱好) is important for everyone.03 谓语
谓语是对主语动作状态、特征的陈述说明
指出“做什么(what to do)” , “是什么(what is this)”
谓语通常是动词
有时也可以是：
助动词或情态动词+主要动词构成
系动词
1.及物动词和不及物动词作谓语
Mom gives me a present for my success in the exam.（及物）
I travelled(旅行) to New York on Christmas Day. (不及物)
2.助动词/情态动词+动词作谓语
You can do it if you believe in yourself.
She may come to my home for dinner.
I don’t enjoy listening to old music.
3.系动词作谓语，即主系表结构
You are beautiful / handsome.
The pizza is delicious (美味的).
Tom is sick (生病的).04 宾语
宾语，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者或承受者。
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
直接宾语 — 指动作的直接对象,
间接宾语 — 说明动作的非直接但受动作影响的对象。
作宾语的词：
名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式等。
1. 不同词类或短语作宾语：
I have a dream.（名词）
My parents are open-minded(开明的), I love them so much.（代词）
Young people always love drinking milk tea. （动名词）
The company could not afford to pay him salary(工资).(不定式）
2. 直接宾语、间接宾语和双宾语
He often gives me some help.
（动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
He often gives some help to me.
（动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语）
Show me your passport.（双宾语）05 定语
定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征。
作定语的词：
形容词（最常见）
名词、代词、不定式等。
1. 形容词作定语
This is a lovely cat, and that is a huge elephant.
I am going to buy a colorful T-shirt.
The young and kind woman is my English teacher.
2. 名词、代词作定语
His mother and father are both college teachers. （代词、名词）
Students are excited about sports meeting. （名词）
Her sister is five-year-old. （代词）
3. 不定式作定语
You have nothing to worry about.
The professor buys a lot of books to read.
I have no time to go to the movie. 06 状语
状语是句子的一个重要修饰成分。
说明地点、时间、原因、结果、条件、方向、程度等。
英语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
作状语的词：
副词、介词短语、不定式等。
1. 副词作状语
I hope you can speak English fluently.
I was not born yesterday.（这句话算俚语，夸张表达）
Sometimes I stay up late.
2. 介词短语作状语
She looked at me in surprise.
We are interviewd(采访) by the press(媒体).
We never know what will happen in the future.
3. 不定式作状语
The police searched(搜查) him to find nothing.
It is glad to see you.
I am very excited to join the debate team. 07 宾语补足语
在英语中有些及物动词，加了宾语意义仍不完整，还需有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。
称之为宾语补足语，简称宾补。
作宾补的词：
名词、形容词、不定式等。
1. 名词作宾补
We consider him a good student.
People elect Trump(特朗普) the president.
2. 形容词作宾补
My husband and I decide to paint(粉刷、涂色) the wall green.
I don’t believe the story true.
3. 不定式作宾补
Because of illness, Professor Geogre allows him to hand in paper later.
The doctor advised me to take 1-week rest in bed.
